21．A Driving Lesson
　　One night, my family was driving back from visiting my uncle in the middle of a very bad snowstorm.
　　The road was (1)       two lanes (车道) going in each direction, but there was so much snow that it was down to one lane. We were (2)      , but we felt safe because my father used to work as a truck driver. He's a very safe driver.
　　We were all (3)       on the highway until three cars pulled up right behind us. They flashed their lights and beeped their horns (喇叭), wanting to get by us, but there was no place for us to (4)      .
　　After a while, we stopped at a restaurant to wait for the storm to calm down.
　　The three cars behind us pulled in, too. They were full of teenagers. They were talking about how slow we were driving. One of them said loudly enough for us to hear, "If you don't know how to drive, you shouldn't be on the highway."
　　Soon after, the teenage left even though the storm was getting (5)      . My father decided that we should wait inside, hoping the storm would (6)      .
　　After it cleared a little, we headed down the road. Eventually, we came around a bend. We could not believe our eyes — the three cars were all in the ditch (沟)!
　　Dad ran to the cars. The kids were all okay, but they were freezing and very frightened. A police officer arrived and took some of the kids to the next gas station. We gave two of them a (7)      .
　　It was a very quiet drive. My dad turned to the teenage driver and said with a little smile, "You know, if you don't know how to drive, you should (8)       off the road."
　　The boy was very (9)      . My dad smiled and said, "I was a truck driver for fifteen years and we had a saying: There are old drivers and there are bold drivers, but there aren't any old bold drivers."
　　The boy understood and hung his head in (10)      .

22．　　When you think of a hero, who do you think of? A firefighter? A police officer?
　　A man with super powers? Well, the truth is heroes can be men or women, rich or poor, or old or young. They can even be kids. Here are four stories of heroic kids that give us hope for the future.
　　Marcos, Age 14
　　When his neighbor's home was burning, Marcos climbed into the burning home and saved the life of an 8-year-old girl, who was inside the house. Marcos, like a true hero, said, "I can't say I am a hero. I think anyone would have done what I did."
　　Riley was swimming in a pool, when she noticed an 18-month-old toddler (蹒跚学步的孩子) fall in. Riley, a strong swimmer, was going to call for help, but she couldn't see any adults nearby. So, Riley saved the girl from the bottom of the pool herself. When she got out of the water, she yelled, "I've got the baby! I've got the baby!"
　　Jaden, Age 9
　　Jaden was staying at home on a Sunday, when two robbers (劫匪) entered his house. Jaden, being the smart kid that he is, hid in a closet. When he heard his parents talking to the robbers in the living room, he made a run for it, out a bedroom window and to a neighbor's house. The neighbor called 911 and when the officers arrived, the two robbers were still in the house.
　　Piper, Age 10
　　Piper, who is blind, was outside playing with her little brother and friend Irie when a raccoon (浣熊) was trying to hurt Irie. Piper asked Irie to describe the animal to her, then used a stick to beat at the raccoon until it let Irie free. There were six bites on Irie's body, but it would have been much worse if Piper hadn't stepped in.

23．　　My mother was having a baby, and we were very glad. We did not know when the baby would come, but we knew it was soon. My mother had a suitcase she had packed (收拾). She kept it next to the door. She had put some things she would need when she went to the hospital in it.
　　Then one night my mother woke us up and said, "It is time!" We were very excited. She said that my aunt would take care of us while she was at the hospital. I wanted to go, too, but she said I would come later. "Go back to sleep," she said. "I will see you soon with the new baby."
　　The next morning, my aunt said, "Now you have a new brother." I was glad. I wanted to see him, but my aunt said, "You can't come to the hospital. You are too young." Still, I wanted to see the baby, and I missed my mother.
　　My mother called me on the telephone. She stayed in the hospital for a few days, and I had missed her even more. When I talked with her on the phone I felt better. She said she was feeling good and would be home soon. She said the nurses had taken good care of her.
　　The next day, I went to the hospital. We were taking my mother home, and my aunt drove us there. When we got there, my mother was in a wheelchair. I thought there was something wrong.
　　"Are you sick?" I asked.
　　The nurse said, "No, she is just being careful. When patients leave the hospital they leave in a wheelchair. That keeps them safe."
　　My mother thanked the nurse. She said she and the baby would be back next week to see the doctor. She would bring us, too. She said this was a very special time for our family. We would all help take care of each other. We would take good care of my brother. We would return to the hospital to check with the doctor to make sure he was healthy.

24．　　I enjoy baseball and I like cheering for the hometown team. So my son and I decided to attend an evening of postseason baseball this week when the Arizona Diamondbacks hosted the Los Angeles Dodgers.
　　If you follow baseball, you know the Diamondbacks lost the game... and the series... and their season ended that night. In that regard, the night was a bummer (失望). But in every other way, the evening was close to perfect.
　　The crowd was cheerful. The weather was amazing. The food was delicious. And the conversation was excellent. We make choices every day with our financial resources (财力资源). But this particular night of baseball was a helpful reminder to me that experiences are almost always better than things.
　　Experiences result in greater happiness. According to research, experiences result in longer-lasting happiness than material possessions (拥有). The happiness provided by new material possessions is short-lived. Over time, people's satisfaction with the things they buy decreases, whereas their satisfaction with experiences over time increases.
　　__________. One reason I enjoy baseball so much, is undoubtedly, because of the many memories I have watching it with my father. Growing up in South Dakota, an annual trip with the family to watch the Minnesota Twins play was a highlight of summer. Decades later, I look back on those moments with great joy and fondness. I remember them far better than almost any of the physical gifts.
　　Experiences result in less clutter (杂乱). Most physical possessions eventually become a burden on our lives. They take up physical space in our homes and mental space in our minds. Experiences, on the other hand, are accompanied with little to no physical baggage. The only thing I brought home with me from the game were a few photos on my phone.
　　Experiences provide greater opportunity to connect with other people. This is the nature of experiencing things with others.
　　Because we enjoy time together around a common purpose and activity for an extended period of time, we are afforded numerous opportunities to talk and connect with one another.
　　Experiences result in greater mindfulness. In 2010, Matthew Killingsworth and Daniel Gilbert published an important study in Science magazine. Their research concluded that "a wandering mind (不专注的心) is an unhappy mind." And the greater a person's ability to "stay present" in a given moment, the greater happiness they experience during and after.
　　Experiences result in less comparison with others. According to research done by Ryan T. Howell and Graham Hill, another significant reason experiences result in more happiness than material possessions is because experiences result in less comparison with others.

25．　　Scientists at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) have managed to change spinach plants into natural sensors which can detect (探测) chemicals used in bombs. Using a cheap and small computer system, the spinach can even help send a warning email.
　　The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotechnology (纳米科技). Nanotechnology, or nanotech, is a scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are super tiny. Nanotech is measured in nanometers — one billionth of a meter.
　　The MIT researchers are interested in using nanotech to give plants new abilities.
　　They say plants are already great at sensing their environment, since they take in water from the ground, and react to chemicals in it. Plants also supply their own energy, which the scientists can use to power their tiny experiments.
　　For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of nanotech materials, tiny sensors and carbon nanotubes, into spinach plants. Nanotubes were used to make the plants give off a special light.
　　To get the tiny materials into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing the nano-materials (包含纳米材料的液体) on the bottom of the plant's leaves. That's where the plants take in carbon dioxide gas. Then the plants took in the tiny materials.
　　Once the tiny sensors and nanotubes were in the spinach leaves, the plant did the rest of the work.
　　The carbon nanotubes in the leaves, using some of the plant's energy, give off a special kind of light. The scientists are able to detect this light by shining a laser (激光) at the plant's leaves and measuring the light.
　　As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals that are used in bombs, the sensors in the leaves make the nanotubes give off a different kind of light.
　　By watching the plant closely using a camera connected to a cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from bombs are detected in the water.
　　The researchers say it takes about 10 minutes for the plants to react to the chemicals. It is almost like having the plant talk to us about the environment they are in.
　　The scientists say that in the future, their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly.
　　Detecting chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They've used plants to detect and report on several other dangerous chemicals as well.
　　The scientists believe that in the future, such systems could give farmers detailed information about the health of the land water on their farms.

26．　　Experts in the United States have the following suggestions for living a healthier lifestyle:
　　Get active. Ride a bike or walk to places instead of driving. Cars and other machines greatly reduce the need for physical activity. These machines help us move from place to place easily and quickly and work well, but we don't use much physical energy.
　　Eat a well-balanced meal made of protein (蛋白质), grains, vegetables, and fruit. Some people just eat snacks all day. They eat a lot of junk food, such as potato chips and soda.
　　Nutritionists (营养学家) suggest that families eat together. Unfortunately, many people often eat alone and quickly. If families eat their big meal together slowly, they can discuss the events of their day and enjoy their food and each other's company.
　　Take the soft drink and snack machines out of the schools and educate children early about nutrition and exercise. The typical teenager gets about 10 to 15 percent of his or her calories from soft drinks, which have no nutrition at all. Replace the food in the machines with water, juice, and healthy snacks.
　　Be careful of food messages you hear from advertisers that say, "Eat this. Buy that." Technology allows advertisers to send us messages all the time. Many of these foods are high in fat and calories. Choose natural foods, such as fruits and nuts, instead of manufactured (加工的) foods.
　　In addition to what individuals (个人) can do, communities need to build new housing more carefully. In many communities in the United States, it's hard to walk from place to place easily because there are no sidewalks. If we want people to get exercise in their communities, they need sidewalks. They also need bike paths so they can ride safely.
　　Change your diet. Eat meat infrequently. Twice a week is enough.
　　Parents need to set a good example so that their kids grow up in a healthy way.

27．我父母去过上海两次了。(twice)
      

28．为了早起，我每晚10点前睡觉。(in order to)
      

29．Tom 发现坚持每天锻炼身体很难。(find;exercise)
      

30．那就是她为什么这么努力的原因。(why;work hard)
      

31．我每次上台演讲时，都很有信心。(speech;stage;confident)
      

32．请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出的内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter想了解你丰富多彩的校园生活。请你用英语写一封电子邮件，简要介绍你最喜欢的一次校园活动，你在活动中做了什么以及你的收获。
提示词语：a basketball competition, a sports meeting, a New Year Party, enter, cheer, sing, take photos, confidence, unity
提示问题：
1)What is your favorite campus activity?
2)What did you do in the activity?
3)What did you learn from it?
Dear Peter,
　　How is it going? I'm writing to share my colorful school life with you. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

33．
　　Emilio loved summer vacation. His favorite thing to do was to go camping with his mom. This summer, Emilio was looking forward to camping even (1)             because his friend Freddie was going with them.
　　When they got to the campground, Emilio's mom started a campfire. Later, when the campfire began to die down, they watched the sky darken.
　　Freddie was amazed at the hundreds of stars he could see. "I have never (2)             this many stars before," he said. "I think I can see all of outer space from here!"
　　"The lights in the city make it difficult to see the stars in the sky," Emilio's mom explained.
　　"What is a star, anyway?" Freddie asked.
　　Emilio's mom replied, "A star is a big ball of burning gases. The sun is a star."
　　"Where does the sun go at night?" Emilio asked.
　　"The sun does not really go anywhere," Emilio's mom explained. "It is actually Earth that moves. Earth is always spinning (旋转). When where we are on Earth faces the sun, it is day. When where we are on Earth spins to face (3)             from the sun, it is night."
　　"Because it is night where we are now, the sun is shining on the other side of Earth?" Freddie asked.
　　Emilio's mom nodded. "That is right," she said.
　　"What is that red star?" Freddie asked, (4)            to a red spot in the sky.
　　"That is not a star. It is the planet Mars," Emilio's mom said. "Through a telescope, planets look different than stars."
　　"Is Mars like Earth?"Emilio asked.
　　"All the planets are different," his mom replied. "The surface on Mars is red and (5)            ."
　　"Oh, cool!" Freddie said excitedly.
　　"I know the moon is round, so why does it look like a banana tonight?" Emilio asked.
　　"The moon revolves around Earth," said Emilio's mom. "We can only see the area of the moon that the sun (6)            on."
　　"Wow," Freddie said to Emilio. "Your mom knows everything!" Emilio smiled. He thought so too.

34．　　Children and teenagers have been isolated (隔离的) for weeks and even months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it will likely upset their mental (精神) health both in the short and long term, according to a new review, but parents, guardians, school staff, and mental health professionals can all help.
　　The systematic review of 83 articles, published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry, found that loneliness is related with depression and anxiety (抑郁和焦虑) in children, and those who feel lonely for longer periods of time might be more affected.
　　"There is evidence that loneliness can lead to later mental health problems, up to 9 years later," says Maria Loades, doctor of clinical psychology. "Loneliness has impacts on self-confidence and well-being."
　　"We know that during the pandemic, children and young people have had limited opportunities to see their peers. . . ," Loades says. "The evidence we had suggests that those who have experienced long loneliness during lockdown may be more affected by mental health problems like anxiety and depression."
　　The review also listed "duration of quarantine (隔离期), infection fears, boredom, frustration, lack of necessary supplies, lack of information" as factors that "appear to increase the risk of psychological problems." School closures, which could lead to isolation, could also increase risk of anxiety and depression.
　　Parents, guardians, and school staff should take away two key points from the review, according to Anthony Puliafico, PhD. First, that social connection is important for children's development, and children should regularly socialize in safe ways during the pandemic. Second, "We need to balance measures to minimize COVID-19 spread with actions to support our children's socioemotional health," Puliafico says. "It is not necessarily essential that all children and teenagers are going to school in person, and in fact it may not be safe for children to attend school at times during this coming year. However, for children not physically attending school, it is important to build and maintain other meaningful social opportunities."
　　He suggests helping children socialize via online group chats, video calls, or social media. Still, parents should keep an eye on kids' online activities to ensure they're using them in a positive way that will maintain social connections.
　　One of the first things parents or guardians can do if their child is feeling lonely is to talk to them. Puliafico recommends checking in with them regularly about how they're feeling and asking them what could help them to feel less lonely.
　　Kids might also benefit from talking to a therapist (治疗师). "Approaches like cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) help young people to develop ways to manage their thoughts and to try out different ways of doing things to help them to feel better and enable them to do the things in life that they want to do," Loades says, adding that there's also evidence that taking up a new hobby could help young people feel less lonely.