19．　　There once was a little girl named Cindy. Both of her parents worked in a factory. They worked hard, did the chores and many other tasks needed to (1)       a family. Though they were busy all day long, they lived a peaceful family life.
　　One night, Cindy slept in her friend Debbie's house. Before bedtime, Debbie's mother (2)       them both good night.
　　"Love you," said Debbie's mother. "Love you, too," said Debbie.
　　Seeing this, Cindy was so amazed. Her parents had never kissed her good night and told her that they loved her. All night long, she lay there, thinking over and over. "This is the way it should be," she thought to herself.
　　The next day she went back home. Before bedtime, she went to her parents. "Well, good night then." she said. Her parents replied, "Good night, Cindy." No one made a move. Cindy couldn't (3)       it any longer. She ran up to her room crying sadly. "Why had they never kissed me good night?" she thought. After a while, she stopped crying. She decided to do something to change the situation. "I'll do something to make a (4)      ," she talked to herself.
　　The next day before bedtime, Cindy went to her mother, kissed her, and said, "I love you, Mom." Her mother was so surprised that she couldn't speak. Then she gave her father a hug. "Good night, Dad, I love you," she said. And then she went to bed, (5)       her speechless parents in the kitchen.
　　Cindy continued to do this for months. Sometimes her parents drew back from her, a little shy and awkward. Other times, they just smiled. But they never (6)       the kiss. Yet Cindy didn't stop. Then, one night before bedtime, her mother came into her room.
　　"I love you, sweetheart, good night," her mother said and bent down to kiss her, right on the cheek. Cindy looked at her, surprised and moved. Mother smiled and said, "Thank you for letting me know the (7)       of expressing love to the one we truly love. I used to think taking good care of you would be enough, but now I think I was (8)       before. Love needs to be spoken out, right?" Cindy nodded happily.

20．　　All around the world, people celebrate birthdays. No matter how different the cultures are, people believe it is necessary and meaningful to celebrate birthdays and give their best wishes to the birthday persons. However, people may have quite different birthday traditions and foods in different countries.
　　America — At the children's birthday parties in America, there are balloons in the party, and lots of friends are invited there. There are always presents, cakes and ice cream. The birthday person has a cake topped with candles; one for each year and they must try to blow them out in one go. If they make it, their secret wishes will come true.
　　England — In England there are Fortune (运气) Telling Cakes on birthdays. When people make the birthday cake, they may put a coin into it. It is believed that if a person gets a piece of cake with a coin inside, he will be rich in the future. When people enjoy the birthday cake, it is natural for them to wish for a piece of cake with a coin.
　　Germany — For German kids, the birthday candles are not on their cakes. Usually, each child has a beautiful wooden wreath (花环) holding a candle for each year up to age 12. This wreath sits on the family's dining room table on the child's birthday.
　　Russia — Traditional Russian birthday meals involve fish, potatoes, beef, and fried dumplings.
　　Some Russians enjoy cakes on birthdays, but special pies are even more popular. These pies are generally sweet and filled with fruit. The crusts (外皮) usually have the name of the birthday person on them.

21．The Stick of Truth
　　In a city, there stood the statue (雕塑) of a famous man, who was on a horse with two silver stirrups (银马镫). Early one morning, someone climbed up and stole (偷) one stirrup. And before long four boys were brought before the police. One of them was the criminal.
　　However, the policemen had no way to find out who the real criminal was, and the criminal wouldn't own up. So they had to send for a well-known judge (法官) to help them. The judge thought for a while and took out a red bag. From the bag, he drew out four sticks (棍), each the same length as the others. The judge gave one stick to each boy, telling him to bring it back the next morning, "Now, you have the stick of truth. And it will tell us who the real criminal is. When you bring back the sticks in the morning, the criminal's stick will be just a little longer than the others — about a thumbnail longer. That's how we'll know the criminal," he explained.
　　When the morning came, the boys went to the judge once more. And in a great silence, the boys presented their sticks to the judge. Holding up the sticks, he measured them against one another and found that one was shorter than its fellows by about a thumbnail.
　　"This boy here, who presented the shorter stick, is the criminal," said the judge. "Why me? I don't understand!" the boy said.
　　"You were afraid and decided to cut away a bit of your stick, just in case. I believe you can take us to the missing stirrup."
　　Later, the stirrup was found. And the boy had to keep the statue clean of dust and pigeon droppings for the rest of that year.

22．　　The discussion about whether students can drink chocolate milk in schools has been a hot topic. One cup of low-fat milk has around 100 calories and 13 grams of sugar. The same size cup of low-fat chocolate milk has about 160 calories and 25 grams of sugar.
　　It may not seem like a huge difference, but over time added sugar and calories will become part of an already too-sugary diet, explained Joy Bauer, nutrition and health expert for Everyday Health. "I don't advise students to drink chocolate milk in schools," says Bauer, because the added sugar provides unnecessary extra calories when so many students have problems with their weight and unhealthy eating.
　　Bauer says it's best for students to drink fat-free milk with their lunch at school. If a student only drinks chocolate milk, Bauer says it's better to drink it at home. At home parents can control the amount of chocolate syrup (糖浆). A recent Emory University study found that added sugar may lead to a higher risk of some serious diseases (疾病) later in life.
　　For the health of students, some schools made rules against chocolate milk. However, on September 6, 2019, six members of Congress sent letters to show their worries about the ban on chocolate milk in New York City Schools. They believe chocolate milk helps students receive nutrients (营养). Some students simply refuse to drink pure milk. Additionally, they argued that the move to ban (禁止) so many milk products would affect thousands of dairy farmers.
　　Therefore, chocolate milk has come back to some schools. New Haven School in Connecticut changed the 2011 ban. Chocolate milk is allowed twice a week. At the beginning of this school year, the Mount Vernon schools also put chocolate milk back on the menu five days a week after 12 years of only offering it on Fridays.
　　According to a latest survey, nearly 80 percent of school districts (地区) offered chocolate milk.
　　Maybe school officials, experts, parents and students need to have a deeper discussion about it later on.

23．　　Artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) still has a lot to learn from animal brains, says neuroscientist (神经科学家) Anthony Zador. Now, he's hoping that studying biological neural networks (神经网络) in animal brains can help AI experts solve the problem — how to make robots do some daily and easy things.
　　Anthony Zador started his career studying artificial neural networks (ANNs — the computing systems behind the AI development). Now, he is working on the study of the biological neural networks in animal brains.
　　Zador describes that AI experts have tried hard to improve algorithms (算法) to help AI systems achieve superhuman performance, such as playing chess and playing poker. Yet, until now, it's still too difficult for robots to solve the problems that we think to be the easiest, such as hunting animals or building a nest, or even something as normal as doing the dishes. Google CEO Eric Schmidt once even said, "Doing the dishes is the number one request... but a very difficult problem for a robot."
　　"The things that we find hard, like thinking abstractly (抽象地) or chess playing, are actually not the hard thing for robots. The things that we find easy, like understanding people's feelings, are hard for robots," Zador explains. "The reason why we think it's easy is that we've had half a billion years of evolution (进化) so we can do the things easily."
　　That's why Zador writes that only improving algorithms may not help robots learn the easy things quickly. Instead, he suggests that biological neural networks shaped by evolution provide support and help to facilitate the learning for the easy tasks, such as doing the dishes, which are usually very important for living.
　　Zador points to the backyard and takes squirrels as an example. "Squirrels can jump from tree to tree within a few weeks after birth, but we don't have mice learning the same thing. Why not?" Zador says. Then he explains, "It's because squirrels are born to live in the tree, which is the result of the evolution. So it is the biological system that helps guide an animal's early learning."
　　Now most AI experts just focus on improving algorithms, in order to find a solution to the problems they've met. Maybe the researchers can find something helpful by studying the biological neural networks in animal brains. If ANNs can know and use similar systems, Zador argues, the household robots might just one day surprise us with clean dishes.

24．　　The Chinese sturgeon (中华鲟) is called "panda in the water". It is also one of the animals in danger. The Chinese sturgeon lives in the sea and in fresh water. It's born in fresh water and grows up in the sea.
　　The Chinese sturgeon is very big. More than 16 feet long and weighing up to 1,100 pounds, it is among the world's largest freshwater fish. The Chinese sturgeon also has a long history. It began to live on the earth 140 million years ago, so it is known as a living fossil (化石).
　　However, the number of the Chinese sturgeon is really small. People fish more Chinese sturgeon than they are allowed to, which greatly affects its population. Protecting the Chinese sturgeon is not only important but also difficult. Very few farmed Chinese sturgeon can stay alive in the wild.
　　With the number of the Chinese sturgeon in a sharp drop, China has used different ways to save them. In 2002, Shanghai set up a natural reserve (保护区) in the mouth of the Changjiang River. It has greatly improved the living conditions of the Chinese sturgeon. Besides, Shanghai government passed a law protecting the Chinese sturgeon on May 14, 2020, and it is the first local law in the country to protect endangered fish.
　　With better living conditions and strict laws to protect the Chinese sturgeon, it is hopeful to see a better future for the living fossil.

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